Sevastopol

城市概覽

In Graeco-Roman times it was known as Chersonesus Taurica. It is a very important city in Russian history as Vladimir the Great, the first Russian leader to adopt Christianity, was baptized into the Eastern Orthodox Church here in A.D. 988. This settlement was sacked by the Mongol Horde several times in the 13th and 14th centuries, and then totally abandoned, only to be refounded in 1783 as the base of the Black Sea Navy of Russia. It was famously besieged by the British in the Crimean War. The unique geographic location and navigation conditions of the city's harbours make Sevastopol a very significant naval strategic stronghold, not unlike Gibraltar and Halifax. As the historic home port of the Soviet (and later the Russian) Navy's Black Sea Fleet, the city has always had a significant Russian naval presence. Before the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea, the city was home to the headquarters of both the Ukrainian Naval Forces and Russia's Black Sea Fleet. The population is largely ethnically Russian, so on that basis, some people believe that the population's sympathies lie largely with Russia rather than Ukarine. Some city residents had strongly protested the visit of American naval ships and Ukrainian interest in joining NATO. There are more than 30 bays within the bounds of the region. The total area of the city is 1079 km². The water area of the inner bays takes 216 km² of the total area. There are more than 2,000 monuments in the city, a lot of historical places, museums, theatres, numerous parks and boulevards. The major features of the city are on two streets, ulitsa Lenina and ulitsa Bolshoya Morskaya; there is a hill between them, on which is ulitsa Sovietska; there are numerous steps to get up and across the hill. Marshrutki (mini buses) tend to go up one of these streets and down the other; at the south end of ul. Lenina you can turn left to get to the train station and the bus-station.

如何抵達

By plane 1 Sevastopol International Airport. Has service from Moscow. (Flights from Dnipro and Kyiv have been suspended since the Russian annexation). (updated Nov 2020) The international airport in Simferopol is much better connected.

By rail

Sevastopol is rather poorly served by long-distance train but the nearby city of Simferopol is well-connected with many major cities in western Russia. With up to 20 connections each day between the two cities, and a journey time of only two hours, it's easy to get here by train. There are a few direct long-distance overnight services. Moscow (24 hours) has one daily train as well as Saint Petersburg (35 hours). Services from Kyiv (16 hours) via Dnipro (9 hours) and Donetsk (11 hours) have been suspended since annexation.

當地交通

Getting around Sevastopol, on a day to day basis, can be done by foot, by mini-bus (marshrutka), and by city bus. Given the hilly terrain and circuitous routes created as Sevastopol grew around its bays and shoreline, walking is less likely to be efficient, especially after one leaves the city center. English maps and schedules for buses are hardly available, and that one may need to depend on the word of citizens, operators, and fellow passengers to find the right route and stop. Buses and marshrutkas are economical, though often crowded, with marshrutkas being faster and slightly more expensive. Some travel sites contain comments recommending boats that will take tourists to beaches and islands. It's much harder to get off boats if you realize you are on the wrong one and it is also difficult to leave a dicey location if the only transport is by boat. Good road maps of the town (with street names in both Latin and Cyrillic characters) can be obtained from press kiosks. Renting a car is a great way to experience Crimea without dealing with the often late and uncomfortable public transportation. Car rental is possible at many places, but the cheapest appears to be at Number 43 Proletariarskaya ulitsa at the southern end of the city. Starting from US$10 per day (250 km included) and a refundable US$200 deposit, it is fairly easy to rent a car and enjoy the southern coast this way.

必看景點

Sevastopol is a good jumping-off place to see some of the sites from the Crimean War. There are also many Soviet war memorials - Sevastopol is one of the thirteen Hero Cities of the Great Patriotic War. There is a large statue of Lenin, with soldiers, peasants and workers, on ulitsa Sovietska, which is the spine of the main section of the city. There is a statue of Admiral Nakhimov, who defeated the Turkish fleet and masterminded the defence of Sevastopol at the time of the Crimean War, in a square at the head of the main part of the city.

1 Nakhimov Square (Площадь Нахимова). The central city square. In the middle of which you can see the monument to Admiral Pavel Nakhimov - the hero of the Sinop battle and the first heroic defense of Sevastopol, the talented naval commander and true patriot of Russia. 2 Count's Landing Stage (Графская пристань). The Count's Landing Stage are the grand sea gates to the city. Its granite steps go down to the sea. Sevastopol is geographically advantageous as it is in a unique non-frozen bay (closed from storms and winds), surrounded by 12 countries within a 600 km radius - a short distance to Istanbul. Equipped with two moorings at 135 m and 200 meters, the terminal has the capacity to accommodate passenger cruises with a draught of 4 and 8 m, respectively. The image of the Count's Landing Stage has become a specific emblem of the hero-city: the whole history of Sevastopol from foundation to the present days relates to this architecture monument. There are many excursions by boat on the bay. Most take 30 minutes. 3 Monument to Catherine II (Памятник Екатерине II). The Empress Catherine II of Russia founded Sevastopol in 1783. She visited the city in 1787 accompanied by Joseph II, the Emperor of Austria, and other foreign dignitaries. 4 The Black Sea Fleet Museum, 11 Lenina st. Open Wednesday to Sunday and closed on the last Friday of every month. the Black Sea Fleet Museum reflects the history of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia from the very beginning till nowadays (the periods of the city's foundation, the 1850s Crimean War, 1905 and 1917 Revolutions, World War II ). The museum has a great number of rarities of big educational value (18th-20th centuries). There is also a small exhibition of Russian and Soviet weapons outside the building. A couple of doors further down ul. Lenina is the Church of the Black Sea Fleet. 5 St. Vladimir Cathedral (Владимирский собор), corner of Marata and Frunze streets. St. Vladimir Cathedral was built in the aftermath of the Crimean War, as a memorial to the heroes of the Siege of Sevas

體驗活動

Ride the ferry boats crossing the bay. Common routes include those to a number of locations on the north side of the town, where the best white sand beach and small airfield are. Locals use these north/south ferries to commute to and from work. The ferries travel all over the city and it is a good way to get photos of the various landmarks. In the summer, there are numerous tented beer bars on the waterfront. It's great for watching the ships entering the bay.

購物

There are lots of boutiques on Bolshoy Morskoy Str. if you want fashionable clothes. Russian domestic debit and credit cards are accepted in most shops in the city, but not accepted in markets, foreign banks are wary to do business due to ongoing sanctions. There are a lot of ATMs.

美食

Budget You should try original and real "Baklava", which is different than the Greek or Turkish versions. European soldiers fighting in the Crimean War coined the term "Baklava" while fighting in Sevastopol and neighbouring Balaklava from the local fried bread coated in honey popular in the region. Hence, the name, Baklava, was imported to the West. It's a thin unleavened fried flour bread covered in honey and sold in small stores and on beaches by vendors. Pizza Celentano (in the city centre). The popular Pizza Celentano serves cheap pizzas, fruit salad, pancakes and drinks. There is a vast range of toppings to be chosen for the pizzas and pancakes. Staff can speak some English. RusBurger, Prospekt Nakhimova. A McDonald's at this site in the city centre, one of the three Crimean locations closed in April 2014, was popular among teens. RusBurger, a Russian regional chain (established 2009) with twelve locations in Moscow, Tver and Stavropol, placed its white-on-red signage on the former McDonald's on Prospekt Nakhimova in July 2014. RusBurger offers a “Taste of Russia” menu of pear lemonade and Czar Cheeseburgers made from Russian beef, vegetables, and cheeses. The chain's meals typically cost 300-500 руб, served from 10:00-22:00.

Mid-range Ukrainiski Shinok (On the basement level of the Hotel Sevastopol in the Center). This is an excellent authentic Ukrainian Restaurant.

Splurge Ostrov Sushi (Island of Sushi). This is quite the landmark in the center where the ferries dock at Artillery Bay. They are also one of the few Wi-Fi spots in the city. Meals usually cost over US$20. Restaurant Rybatsky Stan (on the west side of Artillery Bay). It has excellent fish dishes; it's a bit expensive. (updated Nov 2016)

飲品與夜生活

This is a major naval port, there are lots of places selling beer and other drinks scattered around the city.

住宿

Budget Hotel inside railway station (Комнаты отдыха на ж/д вокзале) (right inside railway station).

Mid-range Atlantika Hotel, 22 Geroev Stalingrada Street, Sevastopol, Ukraine 99014, ☏ +380 692 41 12 19. It's near Kamishovaya Bay and offers rooms equipped with balcony/deck, private toilet, bath and a telephone. They also have a café, which serves Ukrainian and Russian cuisine; a conference room that can accommodate up to 80 guests; and two banquet halls that can accommodate 30 and 70 persons, respectively. from €26. TIU Bolshaya Hostel, Bolshaya Morskaya 38, ☏ +380 938508609. Great accommodation in a small backpacker/traveller hostel with quiet courtyard and garden on one of the main city streets opposite the Post Office and next to the Cathedral. English-speaking staff with great local knowledge on premises 24/7. Free WiFi~Linens~Coffee&Tea. 24-hr hot water. Safe & secure. Top rated Sevastopol hostel on Hostelworld every year. Open only during the summer season (June 1-Sept 15). Dorm from €12, private room €35. Sevastopol Mega Hostel, V.Kychera 5, ap.. Quite central and most staff speaks English. Rooms: US$50-200/night, Dorm: ?. Hotel Ukraine (across from the Panarama Park). The rooms are quite standard. US$35-100/night. Hotel Olymp. Only about 100 m from the Hotel Ukraine on a quiet street, it's a nicer and newer hotel, but lacks an elevator, which is useful if lugging heavy bags up four floors. Rooms range from US$75-120/night. Fort Hotel, Chernomorskaya 2, ☏ +380 509291327, [email protected]. Small, family owned hotel with sea view from the terrace near Chersonessus. Swimming pool with jaccuzzi in the yard, garden and BBQ. Booking in advance required. English speaking staff. €30/2 person room. Private house for tourists, Sevastopol, [email protected]. Private house (room, shower, toilet, kitchen, microwave, refrigerator, TV, Wi-Fi). Clean and comfortable. Green yard, good safe place for travelers. House is situated near the city center (10 min by bus). Nearby are the shops, supermarket, Ecopark. A beautiful green, quiet area, always fresh air. All conditions for comfortable rest. English speaking host. US$10-15/night.

順遊推薦

One of the nicer beaches is located approximately 30 minutes from the city in the village of Lyubimovka. It is a big sandy beach with hundreds of tourists in the summer. Another nice beach is Uchkuyevka. You can get there by taking the ferry (parom in Russian) from the city center to Severnaya and then a short ride by marshrutka. The beaches are relatively crowded but frequented mainly by locals (and Russians who feel like locals too :) The city of Balaklava is approximately 45 minutes away and popular for its underground submarine port that is now a tourist site.