Peloponnese

城市概覽

History From the 6th century BC, Sparta dominated the Peloponnese, and compelled its neighbours, including Arcadia, to join its Peloponnesian League and fight in its wars. The Spartan military dominance that enabled this interference in Arcadian affairs was suddenly ended in 371 BC, when Epaminondas and his Theban army decisively defeated a Spartan army at Leuctra. In the aftermath, the Arcadian League was formed, combining various cities of Arcadia into a federal league. After its establishment, the Arcadian League took an active role in the politics of the Peloponnese. However, by 362 BC, the question of whether to continue as an ally of Thebes had become so pressing as to divide the Arcadian League. The cities of the league therefore ended up fighting on different sides at the Battle of Mantinea. After the battle, and the end of the Theban hegemony, the influence of the Arcadian League diminished. Although it never regained the prominence it had held during the 360s, an Arcadian league in some form—whether a continuation or a recreation of the original league is unclear—continued to exist in the years after the Battle of Mantinea. Various references indicate that the league endured at least into the 3rd century BC. The date of its final disappearance is uncertain, but at the latest it had vanished by the 230s BC, when the Arcadian cities joined the Achaean League. After the collapse of the Roman power in the west, Arcadia became part of the Byzantine Empire. Arcadia remained a rustic, secluded area, and its inhabitants became proverbial as primitive herdsmen leading simple pastoral unsophisticated yet happy lives, to the point that Arcadia may refer to some imaginary idyllic paradise, immortalized by Virgil's Eclogues, and later by Jacopo Sannazaro in his pastoral masterpiece, Arcadia (1504). After the fourth crusade, the area became a part of the Principality of Achaea. In the mid-15th century, the region fell into the hands of the Ottoman Turks with some exce

如何抵達

From Athens, by car or bus; having a car allows occasional stops that are worth along the way to most parts of Peloponnese. Nafplio is a 2-hr ride, Sparta about 4 hr, Patras about 2½ hr, Kalamata about 3 hr 45 min (3 hr on the nonstop express bus). From Athens, by train, using a Proastiakos Athens (Athens suburban) train, running from Athens International Airport all along the north route to Kiato and Aigio and even Patras through a bus correspondence (with the same ticket). From Athens, by ferry from Piraeus port to the Saronic islands of Poros or Hydra or Spetses. For accessing the mainland using the same ferry one can get off at the port of Methana or Galatas (through Poros town) or Costa. There are car rental agencies also there. From Western Greece / Ipiros to Patras through the Rio - Antirio bridge. To the port of Patras there many ferries daily from Italy and Ionian Islands.

當地交通

Usually car or KTEL bus. If the timetable is convenient, the train can sometimes offer a comfortable and cheaper alternative. As of Jan 2011, it was cancelled for all lines, except for the north line Athens to Kiato to Patras.

必看景點

Ancient and historic sites

Ancient Corinth. The relics of the famous town where St Paul lived and taught for quite some time. Nearby is the castle of Acrocorinthos and the opposing Penteskoyfi. Ancient Olympia: The original Olympic games were in Olympia in honor of Zeus. Mycenae: From the hill on which the palace was located you can see across the Argolid to the Saronic Gulf. Epidaurus - Ancient theatre: A small city (polis) in ancient Greece, at the Saronic Gulf. One of the greatest ancient theatres in the world. Nafplio It is a beautiful seaport town in the Peloponnese in Greece. Mantineia, the relics of the ancient town Nemea, Epicurious Apollo Temple, in the mid west area, at Bassae — a UNESCO World Heritage site. As the temple is in a fragile condition it is covered under an enormous tent to protect it from the forces of weather. Villa of Herodes Atticus, ancient Roman villa of Herodes Atticus, on the outskirts of the community of Doliana. Pylos : A large bay and a town on the west coast of the Peloponnese. The historic villages of Lousios river valley. On northwestern Arcadia. The most famous is Dimitsana. It was built on the ruins of the ancient town Teuthis. All took part in the Greek revolution in 1821. Patras' Roman relics and the relevant museum. Chlemoutsi medieval castle on the northwest.

Natural wonders Corinth Canal : The builders dug the canal through the Isthmus at sea level. It is 6.3 km (3.9 mi) in length and was built between 1881 and 1893. Diros Cave, near the homonym town in Mani, Laconia, Greece. Ladon River: Rivers were personified and credited with wooing nymphs and human maidens and fathering children. Lousios and Neda river valleys Rack-and-pinion railway, Diakofta-Calavrita Porto Kagio or Porto Káyio, the southern tip of mainland Eastern Europe and mainland Greece

體驗活動

Bungy jumping into Corinth Channel: Zulu Bungy, ☏ +30 210 514-7051, +30 6932 702-535. Apr: Su 12:00-18:00; May Oct: Sa Su 12:00-18:00; Jun-Sep: Tu-Su 10:00-18:00. Closed Dec-Mar. Windsurfing White-water activities. Providers: Alpin Club. Trekking Hellas. Yachting

購物

Komboloi (worry beads), the best being in Nafplio. Ceramics and sculptures from Atelier Sud art gallery near Finikounda.

美食

"Psistaria" or "Souvla" (meaning broiled food in general and also the broiling apparatus) Gourounopoula (Roasted Pig), Arnaki Souvlas (Roasted Lamb) Kontosouvli (turn-roasted pieces of pork usually) Pasto (smoked pork) Loukaniko (regional sausage with orange) from the South area Kokoras Krasatos or Kokoras Horiatikos (rooster in wine sauce or country-cooked rooster) Gida vrasti (goat stew), from the northeast area. Any of the local production of olives (specially southwest), grapes (specially northeast) and oranges (specially northeast). Other typical Greek foods, such as: Horiatiki Salata (mixed salad), Tyri Saganaki (fried cheese), Kokkinisto (tomato sauce stew), Tyropitakia (cheese pies), Souvlaki, Pastitsio (pasta in the oven), Gemista (stuffed vegetables) etc.

飲品與夜生活

Ouzo, (liquor) Tsipouro, grapes made liquor Agiorgitiko, white dry wine Mavrodafni, sweet dark red wine in the Patras area Moschato, sweet red wine Moschofilero, white dry wine Xinomavro, red dry wine Frappe (coffee)

順遊推薦

Stay in Nafplio and drive in radial directions to ancient sightseeing (Ancient Olympia, Epidaurus, Mycenae, Argos, Corinth, Mystra, Sparta), one destination a day. From the port of Kyllini in the north west of the Peloponnese, ferries serve the Ionian Islands of Kefalonia and Zakynthos From the port of Patras there many ferries daily to Italy From Kythera island there are boats to Crete every few days.