Orenburg

Russia · Europe

關於Orenburg

Orenburg, formerly known as Chkalov (1938–1957), is the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It lies in Eastern Europe, near the boundary of Europe and Asia, along the banks of the Ural River, being approximately 1,480 kilometers (920 mi) southeast of Moscow.

Orenburg is close to the border with Kazakhstan. Founded in the 18th century, the city was an important place for Kazakh–Russian trade in the 19th century, the founding place of the first two Kazakh republics in the 20th century, and then the first capital of the Kazakh ASSR from 1920 to 1925.

Several historians have tried to explain the origins of the city's name. It was traditionally accepted that the word "orenburg" means a fortress on the River Or. In all probability, the word combination "orenburg" was proposed by I. K. Kirillov, the founder of the city. In 1734, in accordance with his project, a package of governmental documents was worked out. This was the starting point for Orenburg as a fortress city near the meeting of the Or and Ural rivers.

On 7 June 1734, "A Privilege for Orenburg" (tsar's edict) was ordered...

Orenburg旅遊指南

城市概覽

The bestowing of a German name ("eastern walled town") on a brand new Russian fortress city would not sound unusual in 1743, when German-born nobles played a significant role in the Russian Empire. The chosen place, where the Or and the Ural rivers join, was the Empire's eastern border at the time. Orenburg played a major role in Pugachev's Rebellion (1773–1774), the largest peasant revolt in Russian history. It was then a capital of a vast district, the seat of a Governor. Yemelyan Pugachev besieged the city and its fortress from nearby Berda from October 1773 to March 26, 1774. The defense was organized by Governor Lieutenant-General Reinsdorf. Most of the city was left in ruins, and thousands of inhabitants died in the siege. Imperial forces crushed the revolt towards the end of 1774. Orenburg was the base for General Perovsky's expeditions against the Khanate of Khiva in the 1830s through 1850s. As Central Asia was absorbed into the Russian Empire, Orenburg became a trading station and, since the completion of the Trans-Aral Railway, a prominent railway junction en route to the new Central Asian possessions and to Siberia. Alexander Pushkin visited Orenburg in 1833, during a research trip for "The History of Pugachev" and his novel "The Captain's Daughter", whose themes famously overlap. Here he met his friend Vladimir Dal, who would later write the first serious dictionary of the Russian language. Orenburg functioned as the capital of the Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (in present-day Kazakhstan) within Russia from 1920–1925. When that republic was renamed Kazak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1925, Orenburg joined Russia. From 1938 to 1957, the city bore the name Chkalov (Чка́лов), after the prominent test pilot Valery Chkalov. The city's distance from the German invasion during World War II led many Soviet enterprises to relocate here, helping to spur the city's economic growth.

Climate

Orenburg has a relatively dry humid continental climate with quite long and hot summers and long and cold winters. April and October are transition months, with the rest of the months being either summer or winter.

如何抵達

By plane 1 Airport "Tsentralny" (REN IATA, Russian: Аэропорт Оренбург) (25 km east of the city), ☏ +8 3532 676-544. It serves flights from Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Magnitogorsk, Hannover, Dusseldorf, Yerevan and other cities. (updated Mar 2020)

By train The Orenburg station is a part of South-Ural Railway and its network is connected by direct trains to Moscow, Samara, Ufa, Yekaterinburg, Kyiv and southern capitals of the CIS republics.

2 Orenburg railway station. (updated May 2020)

當地交通

City public transport includes bus, trolleybus and also marshrutkas (fixed-route cabs).

必看景點

The remnants of the old fort and its gate constructed in 1743 should be seen first.

Museums Museum of city's history. The Gothic building with tower and clock. Museum of regional studies. Museum of arts. Museum of Rostropovich family. Museum-flat of the first cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin and his family. Museum "Memory House".

Temples St. Nikolai Cathedral. Mosque "Karavan Sarai". Built in 1836-42 by the project of Alexander Brullov. Orthodox Church of Sergius of Radonezh.

Other 1 Frunze Garden (Городской сад им. Фрунзе), ul. Kirova 1. Public garden set up as an open-air military museum, with airplanes, tanks, trucks and artillery pieces of all sizes. (updated Mar 2020) National village - collection of traditional houses in styles of local peoples: Russian, Tatar, German, Kazakh, Bashkir, Ukrainian,Chuvash, Azerbaijani and Belarusian. Central exposition hall of the Union of Artists. Zauralnaya roscha. (Ural woods)- the forest-park in the city limits. Memorials to Peter the Great and pioneer aviator Valery Chkalov. Both feature nice views of the Ural river.

購物

Orenburg is famous for its shawls, known as Orenburg shawls/scarves or wedding ring shawls.

1 Tsum Orenburg (ЦУМ Оренбург), 20 ul. Volodarskogo, ☏ +7 353 277-49-44. Shopping mall. (updated Mar 2020) 2 Gostiny Dvor Mall (Гостиный двор), 13 ul. Kirova, ☏ +7 353 277-76-99. (updated Mar 2020) 3 Armada Mall, 1, Shalykskoye shosse. (updated Mar 2020)

美食

1 Farfor (Доставка еды Farfor), st. Chelyuskintsev, 17 A, ☏ +7-922-82-00-202. 10:00-23:00. Pizza, rolls, sushi, assorted sets, Japanese soups, salads, desserts, main dishes and drinks. ~500 руб per person. (updated Aug 2023) 2 Kruzhka (Кружка), 20 Chicherina st, ☏ +7 353 240-09-60. Casual Russian food.

飲品與夜生活

Local beer and kvas Gofman

Bars Dublin Irish pub, 24 Krasnoznamennaya st..

住宿

Yaik Hotel, Ulitsa Energetikov, 7Е, ☏ +7 353 268-68-68. Indoor pool and sauna; breakfast. A modern looking block type building. 1473 руб. Hotel Mia, Proletarskaya Ulitsa, 89, ☏ +7 353 293-60-00. Has an indoor pool and kind of looks like a wedding chapel. Don Quixote Hotel. Hotel Briz. Hotel Dubrava plus, Ulitsa Aksakova, 20б, ☏ +7 353 261-27-27. Modern hotel with complimentary breakfast.

城市概覽改寫自 Wikipedia，旅遊指南來自Wikivoyage (CC BY-SA)。照片來自 Wikimedia Commons.