Nowa Huta

城市概覽

The area of Nowa Huta was a fertile countryside landscape in the Middle Ages. In the 6th century a mound was erected there by the Vistula People, one of the Polish tribes. In the 12th century the monks erected a monastery in Mogiła. After Poland was liberated and occupied by the Soviet Union, the communists built the biggest European steel mill, called Nowa Huta (New Steel Mill), from 1949 to 1955. The new district was built around Plac Centralny (Central Square) and Aleja Róż (Alley of Roses). Nowa Huta was a model city built to attract people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds to the region as a counterweight to the middle class of Kraków who had decisively rejected communism in the 1946 Polish People's Referendum. Nowa Huta became the largest steel mill in Poland but had little economic rationale: coal had to be imported from Silesia and iron ore from the Soviet Union, while most of the finished steel was shipped elsewhere as there was little local demand. It is one of the best examples of socialist realist architecture in Europe. Nowa Huta became the first atheist district in Poland, and it was not until the 1970s when the first church was built there and sanctified by then-Cardinal Karol Wojtyla, later Pope John Paul II. Andrzej Wajda's film Man of Marble shows the life of bricklayers building Nowa Huta in the 1950s and also the use of propaganda during the Stalinist period.

如何抵達

The easiest and cheapest way to get to Nowa Huta is to take tram number 4. It leaves from the stop Dworzec Główny, which is in a tunnel below the main railway station (Krakow Glowny) and is kind of tricky to find for non-locals. It's easiest to locate when you're coming from the Old Town: walk through the Galeria Krakowska mall and just when you enter the doors to the railway station, there are the stores Saturn, CCC and then Express on your left hand side, and McDonald's on you right hand side. Pass the doors to the train station and there's a McCafe (McDonald's) on the left and right in front of you are stairs, an elevator and escalator that go down to the tunnel. Tickets for the tram can be purchased at ticket machines both at tram stops and inside the trams, though not all ticket machines inside trams accept card payments. At the ticket machine you can choose how long your ticket is valid. The trip from the city centre to Nowa Huta takes about 30 minutes, so it's best to get a ticket for 1 hour. As of mid 2025 line works and renovations have caused tram number 4 to be rerouted and it does not run through the Glowny tunnel. Nevertheless it's still the best way to Nowa Huta just check its current route. Don't be tempted to jump on the train to Nowa Huta. The train stop is in open fields a lazy 2 or 3 hour walk from Nowa Huta proper.

必看景點

Architecture of the central part of Nowa Huta The original complex of apartment buildings is built around axis which radiate out from the Central Square (Plac Centralny, which was re-dedicated to US President Ronald Reagan). Architects of the first apartments blocks mixed Renaissance style with Soviet Realism. Buildings constructed after 1956 are Modernist (of this period an interesting example is so called Swedish block at os. Szklane Domy nr 19c) while those built in the 1970s and 1980s are mainly 'plattenbau', a technique which used prefabricated concrete plates and was common in Eastern Bloc. The first buildings in Poland which were built using big block technique, one that later evolved into 'plattenbau', can be seen at os. Stalowe.

Landmarks 1 Wanda Mound (Kopiec Wandy). Built around the 6th or 7th century for unknown reasons. Considered a burial place of a legendary princess Wanda. 2 Krakow Historical Museum - The History of Nowa Huta Quarter (Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakowa - Dzieje Nowej Huty), os. Centrum E 1, ☏ +48 12 446 78 21. Tu-Su 10:00-18:00. Shows temporary exhibitions about the history of Nowa Huta before and after 1949. (updated Aug 2024) 3 Nowa Huta Museum (formerly the People's Republic of Poland Museum), os. Centrum E 1 (the old Światowid cinema building), ☏ +48 12 686 61 65. 09:00-15:00. An interesting look into Nowa Huta during the Communist era. Changing exhibitions on the top floor, civil defense shelter turned museum in the basement, 16 zł, free on Tuesday. (updated Sep 2024) 4 Nowa Huta Cultural Centre (NCK - Nowohuckie Centrum Kultury), al. Jana Pawła II 232. 08:00—22:00. Home to many modern art galleries, most famously a large exhibition of works by renowned horror-surrealist Zdzisław Beksiński. 5 Jan Matejko Manor (Dworek Jana Matejki), ul. Wańkowicza 25, ☏ +48 12 644 56 74. Tu-Su 09:00—20:00, M closed. Summer residence of one of the most well known Polish artists - Jan Matejko. Today a museum. 7 zł. 6 Polish Aviation Museum

體驗活動

If you are looking for professional private tours of the former Communism District take Crazy Guides or the Communism Guided Tour of Nowa Huta in original cars from the communist times. With the reference of the Historical Museum of the City of Kraków and official Guides of Kraków.

1 Teatr Ludowy (People's Theater), Osiedle Teatralne 34, ☏ +48 12 68 02 100. 2 Teatr Łaźnia Nowa, os. Szkolne 25. 3 Kino Sfinks (Sphinx Cinema), os. Górali 5, ☏ +48 12 644 27 65. One of the smaller, forgotten cinemas in Krakow. Films usually arrive here a month after their premiere, but it's definitely not a multiplex experience. 4 Nowa Huta Lake. Artificial water reservoir right next to Huta centre. Place for sports, rollerskating, a sunbath and swan feeding (don't do the last one, it's forbidden). 5 Com-Com Zone, ul. Ptaszyckiego 6. Sport centre close to Hutnik stadium: training halls, football pitches, climbing wall, swimming pool, sauna. Swimming pool 12/9 zł, halls & gym & sauna 20 zł. 6 GOjump Trampoline Park, ul. Centralna 41A, ☏ +48 533 399 245. 33 zł per hour

購物

1 Tomex. Daily 08:00-18:00. Probably the biggest bazaar in Kraków is located in Nowa Huta next to Kocmyrzowskie roundabout. Food, cheap clothes, electronics, everything.

美食

1 Bar Północny (The North Diner), os. Teatralne 11. Typical local milk bar. See milk bars. 2 Łancafe, os. Centrum E 25. Cosy place with coffee and home made cakes. 3 Stylowa, os. Centrum C 3, ☏ +48 12 682 11 10. Located close to the Central Square, the self-proclaimed "Stylish" dates back to 1956, when it opened as the first restaurant in Nowa Huta. The interior was lightly remodeled in the 2000s, but the place remains largely a time capsule of the 1970s and the menu is largely unchanged from the old days, serving up tasty Polish classics like żurek and pierogi. Mains around 30 zł. (updated Sep 2024)

飲品與夜生活

1 Klub Kombinator, os. Szkolne 25, ☏ +48 692 84 84 00. coffee, beer, vodka and board games. open till midnight.

住宿

1 Hotel Santorini, ul. Bulwarowa 35b, ☏ +48 12 680 51 95, [email protected]. Budget hotel with 27 rooms. Restaurant, bar, sauna. Free WiFi and parking. B&B double 230 zł. (updated Dec 2019) 2 Ibis Styles Kraków East, Bulwarowa 35A, ☏ +48123563030. (updated Apr 2025) 3 Hot