Nizhny Novgorod

城市概覽

History The city was founded by Grand Duke George II of Russia in 1221 at the confluence of two most important rivers of his principality, the Volga and the Oka. Its name literally means Newtown the Lower, to distinguish it from the older Novgorod. A major stronghold for border protection, Nizhny Novgorod fortress took advantage of a natural moat formed by the two rivers. Along with Moscow and Tver, Nizhny Novgorod was among several newly founded towns that escaped Mongol devastation on account of its insignificance and grew up into important centers of Russian political life during the period of Tatar yoke. For a short period of time it was the capital of the Suzdal Principality and competed with Moscow for the power in the region. However the competition with Moscow was lost and in 1392 the city was incorporated into Muscovy. Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin was built in 1508-1511 (under supervision of the Italian fortress engineers) and became one of the strongest Russian citadels. There is a legend saying that the project was initially developed with participation of Leonardo da Vinci. However there is no documented proof of Leonardo's work for that project, the only thing the legend is based on is the striking resemblance of Leonardo's sketches and the actual Kremlin schemes. The fortress was strong enough to withstand Tatar sieges in 1520 and 1536. In 1612, the so-called national militia, gathered by a local merchant Kuzma Minin and commanded by Knyaz Dmitry Pozharsky expelled the Polish troops from Moscow, thus putting an end to the Time of Troubles and establishing the rule of the Romanov dynasty. In 1817, the Makaryev Monastery Fair, one of the liveliest in the world the 16th-18th centuries, was transferred to Nizhny Novgorod, which thereupon started to attract numerous visitors and by the mid-19th century it turned Nizhny Novgorod into trade capital of the Russian Empire. Under the Soviet period, the trade connections of the city were abandoned and Nizhny Novgorod became an important industrial centre instead. During the communist time the city was closed to foreigners to safeguard the security of Soviet military research. The physicist and the Nobel laureate Andrei Sakharov was exiled there during 1980-1986 to limit his contacts with foreigners.

Climate

The climate in the region is humid continental and it is similar to the climate in Moscow, although colder in winter, which lasts from late November until late March with a permanent snow cover.

如何抵達

By train

The train station in Nizhny Novgorod is in the northern part of the city centre, near the Metromost Bridge. It is reachable via the metro. The main hall of the train station is beautiful and includes a chandelier as well as soviet-style mosaics symbolizing the life of Russian people. All Trans-Siberian trains from Moscow except for train 99/100 (which goes via Yaroslavl instead) stop at Nizhny Novgorod. When searching timetables and fares on the RZD website, enter "Nizhniy Novgorod" as the station for Nizhny Novgorod. There are several options for train travel from Moscow including high speed Sapsan trains (3½ hours, 1200-1700 руб) and slower late night trains (7 hours, from 700 руб). Trains are generally cheaper if purchased in advance. Most trains from Moscow arrive depart from Moscow's Kursky or Yaroslavsky train stations. There are 2 daily overnight trains from Saint Petersburg (15-16 hours, from 900 руб). There are also direct train connections with Vladimir, Dzerzhinsk, Kazan, Samara, Kirov (6-7 hours, from 550 руб), Yaroslavl (9 hours, from 450 руб), Kungur (16 hours, from 1200 руб), Yekaterinburg, (20 hours, from 1400 руб), Novosibirsk (40 hours, from 2500 руб), Irkutsk (69 hours, 10000 руб), Astrakhan, Simferopol, Novorossiysk (52 hours, from 1900 руб), Vladivostok, Beijing, Ulaanbaatar, and many other cities. Suburban commuter trains connect Nizhny Novgorod with towns within 200 km of the city.

1 Nizhny Novgorod railway station. (updated Nov 2021)

By plane 2 Nizhny Novgorod (Strigino) International Airport (GOJ IATA) (located 20km southwest of the city centre), ☏ +7 800 100-03-33. The airport serves over 1.2 million passengers per year. There are regular flights to many major Russian cities including Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Samara, Surgut, and Yekaterinburg, as well as international flights to Tashkent, Yerevan, Osh, Prague, Dushanbe, and Dubai. In addition, Dexter Air Taxi operates flights on small planes to nearby cities in Russia such as Kirov and Perm. (updated Apr 2018) The airport is connected to the city by public transport including buses 11, 20, T-29, T-46. The journey by public transport to the city centre takes approximately 1 hour. A taxi ride takes around 30 minutes and should cost under 1000 руб if negotiated in advance.

By car Nizhny Novgorod is situated on the M7/E30 road. The road is in decent condition, although with traffic it can take anywhere from 4 to 8 hours to drive to/from Moscow.

By bus There are several stops for buses arriving in Nizhny Novgorod; however, departing buses leave from either K

當地交通

By foot The city centre is compact and walkable. However, there are many inclines or steps from the river banks. The bridges are not pedestrian friendly since the sidewalk is very narrow and cars drive extremely fast close to the pedestrians.

Via public transport There is a network of s-trains, trams, trolleybuses, buses, marshrutkas and a 2-line metro system. Google maps can be used for directions via public transport. The fare on public transport is 20 руб per ride and operating hours are generally 05:15 to 00:00. On surface public transport (trams, trolleybuses, buses and marshrutkas) you are expected to pay within one stop after you enter, the fare is fixed for one ride. A konductor who will come to you, take money and issue a ticket; if there is no konductor, you should pay directly to the driver. Both the driver and konductor will give change if needed, although notes of 1000 руб and larger are sometimes denied. It is best to have exact change ready. As of 2019, you can pay by Apple Pay/Google Pay/Visa PayWave/Mastercard Contactless on board on any public transport including marshrutkas.

By metro

The metro is open from 05:15 to 00:15. To get in, look for an underground passage with the red letter M on top and go down under the ground. At the entrance to the metro you need to go through the security system. Police officers have the right to examine you, if necessary. The metro is accessible by tokens, city transport smart cards and bank cards. The fare is 20 руб, as of May 2017. There are also electronic transport cards for 90 руб for 24 hours of travel on all types of public transport and 20 руб for 70 minutes. The metro consists of 2 lines and 14 stations, with more stations planned in the future. The system was designed during Soviet times and stops are near factories and industrial areas. However, the demographics have shifted and as a result, the metro is not as useful as it once was and surface transport is more popular and more crowded. The 2 lines intersect at Moscovskaya Metro Station. This is the only metro station in the ex-USSR with 4 adjacent tracks. In the afternoon you can expect a train about 8 minutes, in the evenings intervals reach 13-15 minutes. Therefore, you can see what happens with the interval clock: after reaching 10 minutes they just go out and time stops. After 22:00, the movement of trains going in an interesting way. From the Park Kultury to the Proletarskaya train move from the right platform, then the passengers are planted at the station and they pass to the other side of the platform, where trains run from

必看景點

Streets and squares 1 The Kremlin (Кремль), Nizhny Novgorod, Kremlin, ☏ +7 831 422-10-80. 10:00-19:00. It's worth a wander around and contains a church, war monument with eternal flame, a reasonable art museum and impressive views along the Volga River. Also you can take a walk atop (inside) the Kremlin's wall in summer (roughly from May to October), the entrance is by the stairs set a bit off the wall inside the Kremlin near the main entrance via Dmitrievskaya tower, the latter being one of Nizhny Novgorod's symbols. 2 Minin and Pozharsky Square (площадь Минина и Пожарского). The main square of city, at the south-east side of the Kremlin. A wide stairway (the Chkalov Stairs) descends from the Chkalov Monument to the Volga waterfront to the north. Also take a walk along a path goes from the square round the western part of Kremlin wall. 3 Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street (Большая Покровская улица). A pedestrian street, the main street of the city. Street vendors, souvenirs, shops and main restaurants, and several museums including the museum of Russian traditional art. 4 Rozhdestvenskaya st. (ул. Рождественская). Parallel to Oka river under the hill, this street contains a lot of 19th century buildings in rather good condition. The street was renovated in 2012, half-width becoming pedestrian, and now serves as a location for different festivals and events. 5 Ilyinskaya st. (ул. Ильинская). Merchant buildings of 19th century (and a few even older), some in good condition, some in rather worse one. Also interesting is the whole area around Ilyinskaya st., especially the small streets between it and Fedorovsky embankment — many old buildings, including wooden ones, still exist there, and the general quiet atmosphere of streets is quite different from what you see in other parts of central Nizhny. 6 Varvarskaya st. (ул. Варварская). Late 19th-century houses intermixed with early-21st century ones.

Embankments The Upper city is hilly and the slopes start not far from the waterfront, therefore in addition to embankments proper — the streets that run along the water — there is another kind of streets that are also called embankment. These are the streets running along the top of the hill slope, thus having a view of the rivers and opposite banks from 100-150 m above. The latter are great for walking, offering far-reaching views and good winds from the river.

7 Upper Volga embankment (Верхне-Волжская набережная, Verkhne-Volzhskaya nab.). Runs above Volga from Minin square to Sennaya square. Offers views over Volga, and also has some old, but mostly well-p

體驗活動

Jet fighter flight on Sokol Airbase in MiG Jets, Nizhny Novgorod, MiGFlug & Adventure GmbH, Badenerstrasse 286, 8004 Zurich, ☏ +41 44 500 50 10, [email protected]. Very nice but expensive experience. The customer can fly the plane under close watch of the pilot. Supersonic flights and stratospheric Edge of Space flights are possible €12,500 for a MiG-29 Fulcrum flight including transfer from Moscow and all preparations.

1 Nizhny Novgorod Cableway (Нижегородская канатная дорога), 8a Kazan embankment Казанская набережная (Nizhny Novgorod station); 12 Lunacharskogo st. ул. Луначарского, Bor (Bor station), ☏ +7 831 411-9268, +7 831 424-90-09 (autoinformer). Cable car goes above Volga, offering views of Nizhny Novgorod and opposite bank of the river. From any place on the Upper Volga embankment you can see in the distance to the East the supporting towers and the cabins. The Nizhny Novgorod station itself is not easy to find, but look for two high round-shaped apartment towers near Sennaya square, and go past them along Sechenov street ул. Сеченова, then past a mosque towards the Volga bank; also look for signs "Канатная дорога". The service is often interrupted by weather such as strong winds, or for maintenance. 2 Nizhny Novgorod planetarium (Нижегородский планетарий), 20 Revolutsionnaya st. (ул. Революционная), ☏ +7 831 272-50-94, +7 831 246-70-65, [email protected]. Different programs, mainly for children, but some for adults too. Has also a simulator for space rendezvous of Soyuz spaceship and the International Space Station. 3 Nizhny Novgorod circus (Нижегородский цирк), 32 Kommunisticheskaya st. (ул. Коммунистическая), ☏ +7 831 246-40-00, +7 831 246-246-1. 4 Limpopo zoo (Зоопарк Лимпопо), 7B Yaroshenko st (у. Ярошенко, 7Б) (on the edge of Sormovo park), ☏ +7 831 271-67-37, +7 831 416-14-14, [email protected]. 10:00-20:30, ticket office closes at 19:30. A zoo with different animals, features a "contact zone" where you can walk among different non-dangerous animals. The area consists of two separate parts within 60 m walking distance, one ticket is valid for entering both areas. You can access the entrances to the zoo both from Yaroshenko street and from Sormovo park via a pedestrian bridge. Watch football at Nizhny Novgorod Stadium, opened in 2018 to host games of the FIFA World Cup. It's home to FC Olimpiyets Nizhny Novgorod, who play in the Russian Premier League (ie top tier of Russian football). The stadium, capacity just under 45,000, stands on the west bank of the River Oka just as it joins the Volga, and looks across to the Kremlin on the

購物

Souvenirs Apart from simple souvenirs like thick pencils with city name, which are present in every Russian city with just the name changed, and have nothing to do with Russian traditions, there are some souvenirs that are really Russian and really Nizhny-Novgorodian. The most important and famous are Khokhloma gold-red-black painted wooden items such as tableware and furniture; Khokhloma is actually a village in Nizhny Novgorod oblast, a traditional center for the craft. Also there are other traditional Russia souvenirs such as Gorodets-style painted wooden items, and lots of different Matryoshkas. You can find lots of souvenirs on street stalls along the pedestrian part of Bolshaya Pokrovskaya street (especially in its upper and further from Kremlin part), and in some stalls inside Kremlin. There are also several stands inside the train station building, both on the ground floor and in the basement.

1 Handicraft (Художественные промыслы, Khudozhestvennye Promysly), B. Pokrovskaya, 43, ☏ +7 433-61-63, toll-free: 800-250-46-48, [email protected]. 10:00-20:00. Lots of Khokhloma items, matreshkas, and other traditional craft items. Also some simpler souvenir stalls inside.

Grocery There are many small local grocery shops (продукты) in Nizhny Novgorod, but you are advised to shop in slightly more respectable chain self-service supermarket stores listed below. There are lots of stores for each chain, so only a couple of center-most are listed for each chain. The quality of food is generally good in every store, but you are advised to check the expiry dates on the items that do not last long (such as dairy products). Also note the common trick employed by store owners: on the shelves you will often find the same items, but with different production dates, and facing you on the shelf are the oldest items, while the freshest are somewhere in the back of the shelf.

Магнит (Magnit, lit. Magnet) are cheap but basic stores. Do not expect anything beyond simple food (some stores also have basic household chemical goods). But if you want just a slice of bread, a bottle of milk or yogurt, simple cheese or cookies, beer or water, etc., this will always be the cheapest place. Also, they often have unexpectedly good and cheap selection of vegetables and fruits as compared to other small stores. There are no Magnit stores in the very center, but some of them just out of center: 160 Gorky st. (ул. Горького), 118 Belinsky st. (ул. Белинского), 26 Sovnarkomovskaya st. (ул. Совнаркомовская), etc. Spar (some shops are named Eurospar; the signs are in Latin script).

美食

Budget

Street food In the city stalls with shawarma are very popular. They can be found everywhere, even on the outskirts of the city.

1 Ta samaya shaurma na Srednom, 13 Kostina Street, ☏ +7 831 433-05-64. The first and most popular shawarma in Nizhny Novgorod. The queue is round the clock. This is one of the most popular tourist destinations for gastronomic tourists. There is a joking city proverb: "If you ate shawarma on the Srednoy, then you did not see Nizhny Novgorod" 160 руб.

Fast food chains McDonald's and KFC have locations near almost every shopping mall and central streets and squares. It is common to pay extra for condiments.

Yolki-Palki. This chain restaurant offers Russian food. You can take an all-you-can-eat plate for 300 руб. 2 Ochag, Bolshaya Pokrovskaya St, 44Б (500 meters from the Gorkovskaya Metro station), ☏ +7 831 430-02-34. Cafe pies. Quiet and cozy place in the basement of the old house. It has 2 rooms: the first hall in the style of the 1950s, the second hall in the Gothic style. 150-300 руб.

Mid-range 3 Biblioteca (Библиотека, lit. Library), 46 Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Str. (3rd floor, entrance through the same door as Dirigible Дирижабль book store), ☏ +7 831 433-69-34, fax: +7 831 430-94-11, [email protected]. 11:00-22:00. Excellent Italian restaurant situated at Pokrovskaya Street. Good atmosphere, great food and reasonable price, but very often packed. On weekdays during lunch time till 15:00 you can get 20% discount on all menu. The Dirigible book store is also worth a visit, having several specialized sections, and in particular a section with souvenirs and literature about Nizhny. The cafe and the book store have branches at 2 Kanavinskaya street near the railway station. 400 руб.

Splurge 4 Kladovaya bashnya (Кладовая башня), The Kremlin 10 lit. A, Pantry Tower (Bus stop : Minin adn Pozharky Square), ☏ +7 831 439-12-68. 09:00-17:00. Dishes of Russian and European cuisine 700 руб. 5 Bocconcino, 10/16, Alexeevskaya Str. (800 m from the Kremlin), ☏ +7 831 296 55 73. 12:00-00:00. At LP Fashion Gallery near with Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Str. Here you can get a typical Italian food. Reasonable priced (350 руб) set lunch served at noon. very expensive.

飲品與夜生活

1 Franky Cocktail Bar, 10V Zvezdinka Str., ☏ +7 831 434-01-66. Su-Th 13:00-02:00; F Sa 12:00-06:00. 2 Berezka Bar, 51A Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Str., ☏ +7 831 430-55-25. Round the clock. 3 Mixtura Bar, 16 Lower Volga Embankment, ☏ +7 831 413-82-32, [email protected]. Su-Th 20:00-06:00; F Sa 19:00-06:00. Cocktails: 300-400 руб; Meals: 500 руб. 4 Rock Bar, 11 Piskunova Str., ☏ +7 831 419-26-36. 12:00-05:00. Cocktails: 400-500 руб; Meals: 200-500 руб.

住宿

All hotels and hostels offer free Wi-Fi and many have computer terminals. Almost all accept credit cards. Hotels and hostels will usually provide a visa invitation and registration for an additional fee.

Budget

Hostels Gorky Hostel, Bolshaya Pokrovskaya St, 5/6, ☏ +7 831 439-09-00, [email protected]. Colorful décor. 7-bed dorm: 490 руб; 5-bed dorm: 590 руб; 4-bed dorm: 690 руб; Double room: 1590 руб. Smile Hostel, Bolshaya Pokrovskaya St, 4, ☏ +7 800 500-25-62, [email protected]. 8-bed dorm: 390 руб; 6-bed dorm: 450 руб; 5-bed dorm: 490 руб; Double room: 1590 руб. Sladkiy Khostel (Sweet Hostel), Kozhevennyy per., 3, ☏ +7 831 214-00-24. -bed dorm: 400 руб; 4-bed dorm: 500 руб; Double room: 1800 руб; 90 руб extra per night on weekends.

Mid-range Marins Park Hotel, 12 Sovetskaya Str., ☏ +7 831 211-55-00, [email protected]. With 500 rooms, this is the largest hotel in Nizhny Novgorod. Single: From 3300 руб; Double: From 3800 руб. Hotel Oka, 27 Gagarin Avenue (Bus stop: Hotel Oka (Gostinitsa Oka)), ☏ +7 831 275-94-49. Next door to a supermarket. From 2800 руб. Azimut, 2 Zalomov Str. (At the intersection of the 2 rivers), ☏ +7 831 461-92-42. 157 rooms. From 2400 руб; 15% discount for 7-day advance booking. Ibis Nizhny Novgorod, 115 Maxim Gorky Str, ☏ +7 831 233-11-00, [email protected]. 3-star hotel with 220 rooms. Mediterranean-themed hotel. From 2900 руб. Shato, Barminskaya ul., 15, ☏ +7 831 433-40-46, [email protected]. 1970s retro vibe. From 1950 руб.

順遊推薦

Gorodets - a town founded in the 12th century, famous for its Museum of samovars. Makaryev Monastery is 100 km southeast of Nizhny Novgorod. It was constructed between 1651 and 1667. Approximately 20 nuns live there. It is the last resting place of its legendary founder, Venerable Macarius, of the Miracle of the Moose fame. 1 Zeleny Gorod (Зеленый Город, lit. Green City) (by bus from Shcherbinki bus station, or by car in the direction of Kstovo and Kazan; there are two roads leading from Nizhny to Kstovo, one along Larin street, the other along Rodionov street; you mist turn to Zeleny Gorod right before the two roads merge). A part of Nizhny Novgorod, this forested area is south from Upper part of the city, on the slope down to Kudma river and contains many resort facilities. It is a good place to go hiking in summer and to swim in the small Kudma river. There is also an artificial waterfall (concrete dam) in the upper part of Kudma, which is a good hiking destination if you are already in Zeleny Gorod (although definitely not worth a separate trip from Nizhny). You can also attempt bathing there, although be aware of lots of dangerous objects in the stream. 2 Bor (Бор) (you can reach the Cable Car, near Sennaya Square or from the Kanavino Bus Station near the Moskovsky Railway Station). A town on the opposite bank of Volga river. There is nothing particularly interesting in the town, but a trip across Volga to Bor and back is worth doing for its scenery.