馬哈奇卡拉
Russia · Europe
關於馬哈奇卡拉
馬哈奇卡拉曾被稱為彼得羅夫斯科耶（1844–1857）和波特彼得羅夫斯克（1857–1921），或當地庫梅克人稱之為安吉，是俄羅斯達吉斯坦共和國的首府和最大城市。該城市位於裏海沿岸，面積達468.13平方公里（180.75平方英里），人口超過623,254人，而城市群則涵蓋超過3,712平方公里（1,433平方英里）的範圍，人口約為100萬人。馬哈奇卡拉是高加索地區第四大城市，北高加索和北高加索聯邦區最大的城市，也是裏海沿岸第三大城市，僅次於巴庫和拉什特。該城市具有極高的民族多樣性，俄羅斯族人口相對較少。
該城市的歷史前身是位於庫梅基亞的安吉港鎮（Andzhi），它是塔爾基國家的領土之一，塔爾基國家是庫梅克人的首都，自8世紀以來便有記載。該城市以彼得大帝的名字被命名為彼得羅夫斯科耶。1857年，彼得羅夫斯科耶要塞在獲得城市地位後被更名為彼得羅夫斯克-波特。俄國革命後，彼得羅夫斯克-波特於1921年5月14日被更名為馬哈奇卡拉，以紀念布爾什維克革命家馬哈奇·達哈達耶夫。在同一天，它成為新成立的達吉斯坦蘇維埃社會主義自治共和國的首府。蘇聯解體後，該城市成為達吉斯坦共和國的首府。
馬哈奇卡拉是北高加索重要的經濟、教育、科學和文化中心。該城市是俄羅斯裏海沿岸的一個主要海港和交通樞紐。它是俄羅斯增長最快的城市之一，目前正在經歷一波建設熱潮。
馬哈奇卡拉旅遊指南
如何抵達
A daily train service from Moscow is available, taking two nights. Long-distance connections with Novosibirsk and Saint Petersburg among others are 1-2 times each week. Trains heading to and from Baku also call here.
1 Makhachkala railway station, ul. V. Emirova, 10. (updated Sep 2019)
必看景點
1 Natsional'nyy Muzey Respubliki Dagestan Im. A. Takho-Godi (Национальный музей Республики Дагестан им. А. Тахо-Годи), Ulitsa Daniyalova A. D., 33, ☏ +7 988 292-90-12. 10:00-18:00, closed M. Dagestan history museum, with guns and paintings and taxidermy and other fun stuff. (updated Jan 2021) 2 Grand Mosque of Makhachkala, Ulitsa Dakhadayeva, 136, ☏ +7 964 007-74-22. open sunrise to sundown usually. Financed by Turkey and completed in 1998, it is made in the likeness of Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul and is the premier mosque of Dagestan and landmark of Makhachkala. (updated Jan 2021) Anzhi Makhachkala, the local football club.
體驗活動
1 Gorodskoy Plyazh. Beach for walking or possibly dipping a toe in if you don't mind a little debris in the water sometimes. (updated Jan 2021) 2 City Beach. Another beach, where you can potentially unwind and buy a fritter or two. (updated Jan 2021) 3 Tarki-Tau (approach thru township of Tarki southwest of Makhachkala via secondary roads). A promontory affording views of Makhachkala that can be attained via hiking (or driving) if security concerns permit. (updated Jan 2021) 4 Dagestan Russian Drama Theater (Дагестанский государственный Русский Драматический Театр им. М. Горького), Prospekt Rasula Gamzatova, 38, ☏ +7 872 267 73 75. A city landmark and fine place for repertory. (updated Jan 2021)
購物
1 7 Kontinent (7 КОНТИНЕНТ), Ulitsa Yaragskogo, 30, ☏ +7 872 260 00 32. 09ː00-23ː00. A full shopping mall for all your shopping urges. (updated Jan 2021)
美食
1 Pirosmani, Ulitsa Pushkina, 3, ☏ +7 963 411 32 32. Daily 12:00-00:00. Upscale dining featuring Georgian cuisine. (updated Jan 2021) 2 Kazan-Mangal (Казан-Мангал), Ulitsa Korkmasova, 33А, ☏ +7 988 292 55 95. Daily 09ː00-23ː00. Caucasian/Georgian cuisine (aubergine, lamb, etc), some English speaking waiters. Subdued ambience. (updated Jan 2021) 3 Ресторан "Номер 1", Ulitsa Batyraya, 11 (2nd floor Grand Plaza Business Center), ☏ +7 988 649 70 70. M-Sa 09:00-00:00, Su 13:00-00:00. Khan barbeque, kabobs, soup, pumpkin dessert in a warm environment. (updated Jan 2021)
住宿
1 Хостел House (House Hostel), Portovoye Shosse 5, ☏ +7 967 177 77 94. New, clean, and economical beachfront hostel. US$5. (updated Jan 2021) 2 Маяк, Ulitsa Magidova, д. 36. Another hostel that is fairly clean and spacious, although a bit hard to find. US$7. (updated Oct 2021) 3 Khostel Cherdak, Ulitsa Ushakova, 6и (close to Merkuriy shopping mall), ☏ +7 928 055-12-82. Hostel with berths/bunks along the walls that will make you feel like you're a sailor. Maybe learn some Russian while you are getting acquainted with your roommates. US$16. (updated Jan 2021) 4 Gostinitsa "Tsentral'naya" Korpus 2, Ulitsa Daniyalova A. D., 68, ☏ +7 928 809-41-04. Low-key urban hotel with free breakfast and wifi. US$22. (updated Jan 2021)
城市概覽改寫自 Wikipedia，旅遊指南來自Wikivoyage (CC BY-SA)。照片來自 Wikimedia Commons.