Åland

城市概覽

The Åland Islands (pronounced ohland) are an autonomous region of Finland. They gained extensive autonomy under a League of Nations decision in 1921, which settled a dispute between Sweden and Finland. Åland has its own parliament. Swedish is the sole official language, and Finnish is less widely spoken, especially outside Mariehamn. The archipelago consists of about 80 inhabited islands and roughly 6,000 smaller islands and skerries. Most residents live on the main islands, known as Fasta Åland, which include the capital Mariehamn. The main islands are connected by bridges or cable ferry. In local usage, "the archipelago" refers only to the more remote islands beyond Fasta Åland. Outside Mariehamn, what appears to be a town on the map may actually be a village of only a few buildings at a crossroads. Services can be limited, especially away from the main islands. In winter, many guesthouses, cottage villages and attractions are closed, and opportunities for winter sports are limited. Seafaring has long shaped Åland's economy and identity. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the islands had an extensive fleet of ships compared to the population, and many captain's and shipowner's mansions from that period remain. As steamships replaced sailing vessels elsewhere, Åland shipowners continued operating large sailing fleets. The best-known shipowner, Gustaf Erikson, owned a majority of the world's remaining ocean-going sailing ships in the 1930s.

Åland has been demilitarized since the Crimean War. Finland retained this status after independence. Ålanders are exempt from Finland's mandatory military service, and Åland promotes itself internationally as the "Islands of Peace". When Finland joined the European Union in 1995, Åland retained its exemption from the EU VAT area. This special status helps support the islands' ferry industry. Two of the companies involved in this trade, Viking Line and Eckerö Line, are based in Åland. Renewable energy plays an important ro

如何抵達

Åland is part of the Schengen Area, but not of the EU VAT union, so some items require customs clearance. If coming from abroad, pets need their passport and documented rabies and tapeworm treatment. Åland has ferry and air connections with the rest of Finland and with Sweden. Ferries call at Mariehamn, Eckerö or Långnäs, the last little but a ferry pier. Most ferries are cruise ships on their way between the two countries (see Baltic Sea ferries). In severe weather or ice conditions, ferries may occasionally omit their scheduled call at Åland or use a different Åland port. Affected passengers are normally provided with alternative arrangements.

Ferries from Finland Turku–Mariehamn/Långnäs – Viking Line and Tallink Silja sail from Turku to Mariehamn or Långnäs. Local bus route 1 serves the ferry terminals. Coaches and trains from Helsinki and Tampere connect with the ferries. Services run every morning and evening. Naantali–Långnäs – Finnlines sails between Naantali and Långnäs. Day sailings accept foot passengers outside the summer season. Night sailings may require passengers to travel with a vehicle. Helsinki–Mariehamn – Viking Line and Tallink Silja sail from Helsinki to Mariehamn. The terminals are near the Market Square on opposite sides of the bay. Services depart in the afternoon and arrive in Mariehamn overnight.

Ferries from Sweden Stockholm–Mariehamn/Långnäs – The main ferry route between Sweden and Åland. Viking Line and Tallink Silja operate multiple daily sailings from Stockholm to Mariehamn and Långnäs, with most continuing to Turku, Helsinki or Tallinn. Grisslehamn–Eckerö – The shortest ferry crossing between Sweden and Åland. Eckerölinjen operates up to three daily sailings between Grisslehamn (Norrtälje) and Eckerö, taking about two hours. Buses connect Grisslehamn with Stockholm and Uppsala, and Eckerö with Mariehamn. Kapellskär–Långnäs – An alternative route from the Stockholm region. Finnlines and Tallink Silja sail between Kapellskär (Nor

當地交通

Most ferries and buses are operated by Ålandstrafiken.

By ferry The archipelago ferries serve the archipelago throughout Åland. Foot passengers travel free of charge, while vehicle passengers must book and pay for most longer crossings. See the timetables or use the route planners. The main lines are the north and south lines:

Norra linjen connects the north-eastern municipalities of Vårdö, Kumlinge and Brändö. Vårdå is reached by cable ferry from Sund. Södra linjen connects Långnäs with Föglö, Sottunga and Kökar, with some services continuing to Galtby, Korpo. Vehicle bookings are recommended well in advance in summer, especially around Midsummer. Vehicle fares are much lower for journeys that include a stop in the archipelago than for direct transit. In 2024, a direct crossing cost about €122 for a car, compared with about €38 when including an overnight stop. Parking is available at Hummelvik, Långnäs and Svinö.

By bike Cycling is a popular way to explore Åland. Many roads have cycle paths, and some ferries carry only cyclists and pedestrians. Ferry bookings may be necessary in peak season.

By car Roads are good, distances are short and traffic is light, even in Mariehamn. Car-rental options are limited, so booking in advance is advisable. Fuel is available throughout the islands. The ferries to the archipelago are not free, so check fares and booking arrangements in advance. Traffic rules are similar to those in Finland and Sweden, except that parking on the left side of a street is prohibited.

By bus Ålandstrafiken. Bus services connect most parts of the main islands, and Google Maps includes most routes. A ticket is valid for up to two hours. €2.50 (2024). (updated Aug 2024) Kommunaltrafiken. Scheduled taxis connect ferry harbours with local destinations in most archipelago municipalities. Travel along the main road is free; journeys beyond it cost a small fee. Reservations are usually required the day before. free. (updated Aug 2024) Viking Lin

必看景點

Most sights outside Mariehamn have limited opening hours outside the summer season. Pommern and the Åland Maritime Museum, at the West Harbour of Mariehamn, are Åland's most visited attractions. The four-masted Pommern recalls Åland's maritime heyday. Kastelholm Castle in Sund is one of Finland's few medieval castles, dating from the 1380s. Nearby, the Jan Karlsgården Open Air Museum preserves a late-19th-century farm assembled from traditional buildings from across Åland. Vita Björn, Åland's prison until 1975, is now a museum illustrating prison life from the 18th to the 20th century. Bomarsund Fortress is the ruin of a vast Russian fortress destroyed during the Crimean War in 1854. In Eckerö, the Åland Hunting and Fishing Museum explores traditional life in the islands' fishing villages and displays historic hunting and fishing equipment. The Eckerö Mail and Customs House, built in 1828, is one of Åland's most notable buildings from the Russian period. Märket Lighthouse stands on a t