Dogri phrasebook

Pronunciation and alphabet guide

Dogri is written using either Devanagari script or Persian variant of the Arabic script. It was historically written in Dogra variant of the Takri script.

Devanagari Devanagari writing is often likened to a washing line: a line is drawn above the words, and the letters are hung out to dry below the line. A break in the line indicates a break between words. Devanagari is classified as an abugida, which means that each character represents a syllable, not a single letter as in English. If the character is a consonant, the implicit vowel following it is assumed to be a, unless modified by special vowel signs added above, below, after or even before the character.

Vowels Each vowel has two forms: an "isolated" form when beginning a word or following another vowel; and another used within a word by use of diacritics called मात्रा mātra. As an example, the forms used with consonants are placed with the letter त्. Note that if there is no vowel sign, the vowel is assumed to be a.

Arranged with the vowels is a consonantal diacritic - the final nasal anusvāra ं ṃ (called अं aṃ). ं is written above a syllable to denote that the vowel has to be pronounced using both nose and mouth.

Consonants

Ligatures One of the things which appears daunting to most beginners are the over 100 conjunct characters. These happen when two or more consonants are joined together (with no vowel between). Upon seeing all these, the new learner might gasp, thinking that they will have to memorize each one as if they were Chinese ideograms. The good news is that most of these are quite simple and merely involve dropping the inherent 'a' stem. e.g.:

त् + म = त्म न् + द = न्द स् + क = स्क However there are a few special constructions. For many of these, you may also use the previous method though. e.g.

त् + त = त्त क् + ल = क्ल Most often odd forms arise, in consonants without a stem. e.g.

द् + भ = द्भ ह् + ल = ह्ल ट् + ठ = ट्ठ Do not worry too much about conjuncts though, you may always suppress the inherent 'a' with a halant. Another thing which causes problems for new learners is the use of र, which is treated as a vowel as in Hindi it is a "semi-vowel." There are three forms fo

Phrase list

Some phrases in this phrasebook still need to be translated. If you know anything about this language, you can help by plunging forward and translating a phrase. The transliterations are based on standard.

Basics

Problems

Interrogatives

Numbers Dogri numerals follow the Hindu-Arabic number system. Both Persian and Devanagari numerals are used in Dogri. Historically, Dogri was written in Dogra Akkhar script which had its own numerals. However, it is acceptable to use Latin numerals are often used when writing the language in any of the scripts.

The numbers in words are given below.

Time

Clock time कड़ी दा टैम

Duration

Days The Dogri days of the week are derived from Hindi names of week and are a deviation of them. Most of them are named after the planets like mangalwar(Mars day), buddhwar(mercury day) etc but some are different like Saturday-sunday are called Vaar-Taar.

Months There are three main calendar systems followed in the Duggar Belt : the Georgian calendar, the Hindu calendar and the Islamic calendar. The Georgian calendar in used for all administrative purposes. The Hindu calendar and the Islamic calendar are used for religious purposes and mark many official holidays.

===Writing time and date टेम ते तरीक लिखना

Colors rang

Transportation Transportation in Jammu involves bus, train , rickshaw, matador and taxi. Matador are a kind of local buses that do not necessarily run on a schedule. You can easily stop a matador for you by gesturing using your hand. There are no particular matador stops.

Bus and train buss te rail gaddi

Directions

What are you doing? Tuss ke karaa de?

Money पैसे (Paise), पैहे (Paihe)

Eating

khaan paann

Bars

Shopping Kharid dāri

Driving Gaddi chalāna

Authority