Fort Battleford
Canada · Americas
About
Fort Battleford was the sixth North-West Mounted Police fort to be established in the North-West Territories of Canada, and played a central role in the events of the North-West Rebellion of 1885. It was here Chief Poundmaker was arrested, and where six Cree and two Stoney men were hanged for murders committed in the Frog Lake Massacre and the Looting of Battleford.
Its location near the confluence of the North Saskatchewan and the Battle rivers offered access to fresh water, as it was many years before an on-site well was made available; and offered an alternative means of transportation to the Red River cart. As the site was on a plateau, the fort was easily defensible, and offered clear lines of sight for the surrounding area and to Government Ridge – thus providing warning against possible attacks. The fort sheltered around 500 people, and it helped protect the settlement of Battleford.
Battleford was the capital of the North-West Territories and that played a substantial role in the decision to locate the fort there. The government's believed the presence of the NWMP would act as a civilizing influence on the First Nations in the area and would help them to transition from their nomadic lifestyle to a stationary one modelled on European societies. It also hoped the NWMP would assist settlers in their homesteading efforts and that their presence in the area would encourage the people to respect the law.
The difficulties that had plagued Native American–government relations in the United States, along with the high Aboriginal population in the Battleford area, prompted the federal government to establish a strong NWMP presence. Both the Canadian government and the First Nations were quite aware of what had transpired south of the "Medicine Line" and sought to follow a different path.
Originally, the Canadian Pacific Railway route was planned to pass through Battleford, along the Qu'Appelle route, but the railway was eventually built on a southerly route. This resulted in the capital of the North-West Territories moving from Battleford to Regina, which was then known as Pile of Bones.
Adapted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)。Photography via Wikimedia Commons.