Yanbulaq Cemetery

The Yanbulaq culture (Ch: or , Yanbulake wenhua, 1100–500 BCE) was an ancient culture based on the tombs of the Yanbulaq Cemetery (Chinese , Pinyin Yānbùlākè gǔmùqún or, Yānbùlākè mùdì, English Yanbulaq Cemetery) located on the northern hills of the Qumul Basin, in Yizhou District, Xinjiang, China. It was a Bronze Age culture, or an early Iron Age culture. The cemetery at Yanbulaq contained 29 mummies which dated from 1100 to 500 BCE, 21 of which are Asian—the earliest Asian mummies found in the Tarim Basin—and the remaining 8 are of the same Caucasian physical type as found at Qäwrighul. These later and eastern "Tarim mummies" represented both "Caucasoid" and "Mongoloid" remains, indicating contact between newly arrived western nomads and agricultural communities in the east. The Yuezhi may have been positioned around the Shirenzigou culture area, between the Subeshi culture to their west, the Yanbulaq culture to their east, the aftermaths of the Chemurchek culture to the north, and a wide desertical area to south about a thousand kilometers away from the Central Plains of China. It may also have had contacts with the painted pottery Bronze Age cultures in the Gansu and Qinghai regions. Archaeological finds of iron knives suggest that the Yanbulaq culture, as well as the Shajing culture further south, may have been instrumental in the transmission of iron technology to China.

Archaeological site data from Wikidata (CC0). Summary from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA).