Karnataka

城市概覽

Karnataka is the 7th-largest state in India in area and 8th-largest by population. Karnataka is bordered by Maharashtra in the north, Goa in the northwest, Tamil Nadu in the southeast, Kerala (Keralam) in the southwest, Andhra Pradesh in the east and Telangana in the northeast.

History In the 3rd century BCE, the region we now know as Karnataka came under the Maurya emperors of Magadha. Chandragupta, the founder, is said to have spent his retirement in Shravanabelagola as a Jain ascetic. Jainism, introduced by the Mauryas, survives and flourishes to this day in Karnataka, and has given it some of its finest and oldest attractions including the Gomateswara statues that stand tall in their majestic nakedness in multiple places in the state. The Mauryas were followed by the Satavahanas who ruled from Pratishtana in Maharashtra and Amaravati in present-day Andhra Pradesh. Their reign lasted over 400 years, ending in the 3rd century CE They in turn were followed by the Kadambas of Banavasi and the Western Ganga dynasty that ruled the region that is now Mysore. They are considered the first Kannada rulers. During the time of the Kadambas, the first works in Kannada were written by Adikavi (or first poet) Pampa, who wrote that even torture by an elephant bullhook would not make him forget the beauty of his beloved Banavasi. The Chalukyas, the Rashtrakutas and the Hoysalas were the other major dynasties who ruled major parts of Karnataka from the 7th to 12th centuries. They are responsible for many of the temples that survive to this day and are considered architectural marvels, These include Pattadakal, Belur and Halebeedu. The Cholas seem to have had a hold on the Southern Part of Karnataka, with various Dravidian Architecture Temples adorning the regions of Bangalore and Kolar. Hoysala Dynasty ruled over the Mysore region and developed structures, majorly a star-shaped design occupying their designs in various temples. The Period around 9th to 11th century seem to h

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By plane Kempegowda International Airport (BLR IATA) of Bangalore is India's third-busiest airport, connecting major cities and state capitals as well as 20 international destinations. Mangalore International Airport serves primarily the Gulf region, and domestically, the four metro cities–Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Mumbai and the state capital of Bangalore. Hubli Airport at Hubli–Dharwad serves the northern part of Karnataka with regular flights to Mumbai and Bangalore.

By train Karnataka is served by South Western Railway and connected to all major railway stations across the country. Major junctions are Bangalore, Hubli, Mysore, Mangalore (Served by Konkan Railway & Southern Railway), and Kalaburagi. Rajdhani - superfast fully air-conditioned trains connecting India's capital New Delhi with Bangalore via Raichur and Secunderabad. This is a long-distance train which takes just under 34 hours to cover the journey. Shatabdi - superfast fully air-conditioned day trip trains which connect Mysore and Bangalore with Chennai Jan Shatabdi- Superfast with AC and Non-AC Reserved Accommodation, the fastest connection between Hubli and Bangalore Bangalore is well connected to the metro cities of Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai, New Delhi, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, and major other Capital cities across the country. Hubli falls on the junction of the Konkan Railway and Vijayawada Vasco line and is connected to Kolkata, Mumbai Bangalore, New Delhi, Ahmedabad and Hyderabad. Mangalore (Mangaluru) falls at the junction of Southern Railway and Konkan Railway and is well connected to major northern states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Delhi, as well as to Kerala (Keralam) and Tamil Nadu. Kalaburagi falls on the Mumbai-Chennai & Hyderabad Main line and is connected to Mumbai, New Delhi, Hyderabad, Tirupati and Chennai through long distant trains

By car A number of national highways link Karnataka with the neighboring states of Maharashtra, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Pond

當地交通

By bus There are state-owned KSRTC buses, as well as the KSRTC buses from neighbouring Kerala. Unless otherwise noted, "KSRTC" refers to the one of Karnataka here. KSRTC also plies intrastate buses connecting most of Karnataka. NWKRTC and NEKRTC buses serve the northern part of Karnataka, and some places of adjoing states. Services available:

Nagara Sarige: City Bus Services in the major District Headquarters from Central bus stand to important places Gramanthara Sarige: Rural services operated from the District Headquarters to the nearby Towns for daily passengers livelihood Karnataka Sarige: Express Services with limited stops connecting Major Towns Rajahamsa:Non-AC Semi Sleeper Deluxe buses which are comfortable for short distances and cheapest for longer journeyconnecting important Towns Intra state as well as inter state. Similar Service operated by NEKRTC is named as Suhas Airavat:Semi-sleeper Volvo a/c buses Non-AC Sleeper: Operated between major Towns and long distant at a cheaper rate than the AC sleeper buses on Tata and Ashok Leyland Chassis Ambari: AC Sleeper Bus operated on Corona Chassis Club Class Airavat: Semi-sleeper Volvo multi-axle a/c buses with B9R & B11R chassis FlyBus: Volvo multi-axle AC buses direct connection from Mysore, Madikeri, Kundapura and Salem to Kempegowda International Airport in Bangalore. Bus features in-bus Pantry as well as chemical toilets. The Subsidiaries of KSRTC provide bus services in Karnataka as follows:

Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) - bus services within the city of Bangalore as well as some outlying areas. North Western Karnataka (NWKRTC) - bus services in North Western Karnataka and the adjoining states of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. North Eastern Karnataka (NEKRTC) - bus services in North Eastern Karnataka, Maharashtra and Telangana Numerous private bus operators like VRL, SRS, Ganesh and SUGAMA provide bus services for interstate areas, as well as to the neighboring

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Thanks to its long and varied history Karnataka has an interesting mix of religious sites, remnants of historical empires, UNESCO World Heritage Sites, national parks, bird sanctuaries, wildlife sanctuaries, palaces, forts, beaches, hill stations, caves and waterfalls.

Religious sites Owing to the multi-religious influence in Karnataka through its history, there are a vast number of religious sites in Karnataka, some even dating from antiquity. Belur and Hale Belur are home to ancient Hindu temples. Kudalasangama is a pilgrimage centre for people of the Lingayat faith and is at the confluence of the Krishna and the Malaprabha rivers. Murdeshwar has a beautiful Shiva statue situated on the tallest place on the Arabian Sea coast, with a colourful panorama. Shravanabelagola is a Jain Pilgrimage centre and home to the biggest monolithic (single stone) statue of Babhubali in Karnataka. The statue is visible from a distance of 30 km. Udupi Krishna Matha and Kollur Mookambika Temple are a