Abra

城市概覽

History The Cordilleras are one of the few regions of the Philippines not significantly conquered by the Spaniards. In the late 1500s, the Spanish colonial administrators sent expeditions in search of gold, but many of these failed due to the rugged terrain and the hostile Igorot. Other colonial administrators sent further expeditions to pacify and Christianize the Igorot, but many of these largely failed. During that time, the Igorot were historically known as fierce headhunters, feared by the colonizers. The modern Cordillera region dates back to the founding of Mountain Province during the American colonial era. Mountain Province occupied a larger region, including areas now part of Ilocos Sur and La Union, until 1920. Mountain Province covered most of the Cordillera until it was split into smaller provinces in 1967, and its territory reduced to a tenth of its original size. The 1970s and 1980s were marked by a conflict between the Igorot and the Philippine government. After declaring martial law in 1972, Ferdinand Marcos ordered a dam be built along the Chico River, which many Igorot tribes opposed as it would be built on their ancestral land without their consultation. Empowered by his right to order warrantless arrests, Marcos ordered the neutralization of Igorot opposition to the dam's construction, which precipitated a conflict with the Igorot which lasted until the 1980s. Following the assassination of Macli-ing Dulag, a tribal chief of the Butbut Kalinga in 1980, Marcos eventually scrapped the dam project, but the low-level conflict continued until the ousting of Marcos in 1986. The region also became a stronghold for both the communist New People’s Army (NPA), which remains active, and the separatist Cordillera People’s Liberation Army (CPLA), which stood down after the Marcos regime fell. One lasting effect of the conflict is a wish for Cordilleran autonomy; the Igorot consider themselves a distinct cultural and ethnic identity from most Filipinos. The

如何抵達

Despite being centrally located between Ilocos Region and Cagayan Valley, the region has limited entry points from neighboring regions and provinces due to its topographic configuration mostly of steep slopes and mountain ranges.

By bus By land, major bus companies in Manila ply the route Manila-Baguio. Cable Tours operates night buses from Quezon City and Manila up to Bontoc. From Cagayan Valley, buses ply the route from Solano to Banaue. From Santiago City, there are buses to Paracelis. From Tuguegarao, there are buses to Tabuk in Kalinga and Conner in Apayao and Junction Luna in Abulug and Claveria, on the boundary with Apayao. From Ilocos Region, buses from Manila go to Abra via Ilocos Sur.

By car Driving to the Cordilleras is hard and dangerous due to the terrain, but they also provide a chance to see the scenery. Most roads entering the Cordilleras will be winding and bendy, and drivers must beware of the distances involved to travel between towns. The major roads into the Cordilleras are Kennon Road and Naguilian Road/Quirino Highway (Route 54), Marcos Highway/Aspiras-Palispis Highway (Route 208), Benguet-Nueva Vizcaya Road (Route 110), all which lead to Baguio. Other major highways to the Cordilleras are the Abra-Ilocos Sur Road (Route 204) from Ilocos Sur and Kalinga-Cagayan Road (Route 52) from Cagayan. Less-traveled routes connect Apayao with northern Cagayan and Abra with Ilocos Norte.

By plane The region's only operating airport is Loakan Airport (BAG IATA) in Baguio. PAL Express operated flights from Cebu from 2023 using a Bombardier Dash 8 turboprop, but it was terminated in 2024 due to low passenger numbers and the difficult terrain of the airport. Bagabag Airport in Nueva Vizcaya, the nearest airport to Banaue, is served by charter flights on Platinum Skies from Clark. Other relevant airports include Cauayan Airport in Isabela, Tuguegarao Airport in Cagayan, and Laoag Airport in Ilocos Norte.

當地交通

Getting across the region is only by land, and is challenging due to the rugged terrain. The main route across the region is the Halsema Hwy (Rte 204), which connects Baguio with Bontoc. Travel is primarily by bus or jeepney, but most towns are only served by jeepneys, which are often packed full. If bringing a private vehicle, prepare lots of fuel and spare equipment, as gasoline stations and mechanics are rare in the hinterlands. Baguio is one of the few cities in the Philippines outside Metro Manila that has taxi services. During weekends and holidays, traffic in the city can become a nightmare comparable with Metro Manila.

必看景點

Tourist attractions in the region include the world famous Banaue Rice Terraces in the province of Ifugao. This is supposedly considered as the "Eighth Wonder of the World". Natural attractions of the region include the Sumaguing Cave in Sagada and the mummy caves of Benguet and Mountain Province. There are four national parks in the Cordilleras: Cassamata Hill, Mt Pulag (the third highest mountain in the Philippines with an elevation of 2,922 m (9,587 ft) above sea level), Mt Data, and Balbalasang-Balbalan (in the province of Kalinga). Baguio, which was developed during the American era, has many sights dating back to that period, such as Burnham Park, Camp John Hay, the Philippine Military Academy (PMA), and the Art Deco commercial buildings along Session Road. Other sights are its pine forests, Mines View Park and the Lion’s Head. In Abra, the Pinaing (Sacred) Stones in Dumayco are placed in the hollow of a huge balete (banyan) tree and symbolize the spirits of ancestors. Don Teodoro Brillantes Family Museum displays Spanish artifacts and personal mementos of the Brillantes family. The Tugot ni Angalo are huge footprints believed to be made by a giant in San Quintin. The prints are 15 m (49 ft) long, 5 m (16 ft) wide, and 3 m (9.8 ft) m deep. Kalinga is a favorite spot for whitewater rafting along the Chico River and for getting an indigenous tattoo from Whang-od, a centenarian who lives in the remote village of Buscalan in Tinglayan town. Apayao, a UNESCO biosphere reserve, is the least explored province of the region and a favorite of nature lovers seeking unspoiled jungle and a rare sighting of the Philippine eagle in the wild.

體驗活動

Climb Mt. Pulag: Pulag is the highest mountain on Luzon and the third highest mountain in the Philippines. It has an elevation of 2,922 m (9,587 ft). Several trails can be used, the most difficult being Akiki and the easiest being Ambangeg. You will need at least two days to climb Mt. Pulag. Pulag Climb offers a package includes round trip transfer from Baguio or Manila, meals, tour guide and entrance fee. Explore the stalagmites at the Libtec Underground River and Sibud-Sibud Cave in Abra Province. Participate in the Arya Abra Festival, celebrating the creation of the province, and the Tingguian Festival, which features songs and dances of the Itneg (Tingguian) ethnic group.

購物

Shopping malls exist only in Baguio. For the rest, trade is done in pu